What is 5-Axis CNC Machining
There are many types of CNC machines. They all use a computer-controlled machine tool to remove material from the workpiece. Because of this computer control, CNC machining is much faster, more precise and accurate than conventional machining.
Capable of cutting in the X, Y, Z, A, and B axes, 5-axis machines can produce parts with incredible geometries and complexity. Because the tool head can move in all three directions and can rotate around the part on two different axes, many fewer setups are required when using a 5-axis machine. The tool head or the workpiece is able to reposition automatically, removing the need for complex fixtures. 5-axis machines are the go-to choice for complex parts.
Types of 5-axis Machining
While all 5-axis machines are capable of moving in or around 5 axes, how that movement is accomplished can vary. More complex machinery can often create more complicated parts but can also be harder to program because of all of this freedom.
Indexed 5-axis
This form of 5-axis machining is the simplest method but is still very effective. With an indexed 5-axis machine, the tool head only moves in three axes but the workpiece is rotated along two axes in between cutting operations. The cutting bit does not maintain continuous contact with the workpiece. Because rotation only occurs when the tool head is not actively cutting, the required tool paths are much simpler making programming easier.
Continuous 5-axis
These 5-axis CNC machines move along or around all 5-axes while the cutting bit is engaged with the workpiece. While the toolpaths are more complicated, both speed and surface finish are improved with continuous 5-axis machines. Watching these machines work is impressive as they carefully sculpt the workpiece into a finished part.